This page provides access to standardization proposals by the ISB standardization committee, and the various subcommittees, and reactions from the biomechanics comminity.

The ISB standardization committee welcomes any comments regarding the content of these documents. Public comments are preferred, and should be posted to Biomch-L ( This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it ). Private comments should be sent to the chair of the ISB standardization committee, Dr. Ge Wu ( This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it ) at The University of Vermont. If the volume of discussion increases to a certain level, we will implement a system whereby you can post your comments directly on this web page.

All documents within one category are listed in chronological order. Documents are still being added.

Global coordinate systems

• ISB proposal: G. Wu & P.R. Cavanagh, J. Biomech. 28:1258-1261, 1995.

• Biomch-L discussions, September- October 1995

Whole body orientation

• ISB proposal: G. Wu & P.R. Cavanagh, J. Biomech. 28:1258-1261, 1995.
• Proposal by M.R. Yeadon (Dec. 19, 1993)

Joint coordinate systems (general)

• ISB proposal: G. Wu & P.R. Cavanagh, J. Biomech. 28:1258-1261, 1995.
• Biomch-L discussions, November 1989 - March 1992.
  Discussions between E. Grood, H.J. Woltring and others on Joint Coordinate Systems versus helical rotation representations (attutude vectors).
• Comparison of JCS and attitude vectors, using data from a turning movement. Contributed by Juan V. Dura, University of Valencia.

Ankle joint

• ISB proposal by G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D.
  D'Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes. J. Biomech. 35(4):543-548, 2002
• Response to Dr. Baker's letter to the editor, by G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D. D'Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes. J. Biomech. 36(2):303-304, 2003
• ISB proposal: ISB Newsletter 59, pp.6-8, 1995.
• Biomch-L posting by Ton van den Bogert (Oct. 23, 1995)

Hip joint

• ISB proposal by G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D.
  D'Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes. J. Biomech. 35(4):543-548, 2002
• Response to Dr. Baker's letter to the editor, by G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D. D'Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes. J. Biomech. 36(2):303-304, 2003
• Proposal by the 'hip committee' (July 17, 2000)

Spine

• ISB proposal by G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D.
  D'Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes. J. Biomech. 35(4):543-548, 2002
• Response to Dr. Baker's letter to the editor, by G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D. D'Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes. J. Biomech. 36(2):303-304, 2003
• Proposal by Stokes, Skalli & Plamondon

Shoulder

• ISB proposal by G. Wu, F.C.T. van der Helm, H.E.J. Veeger, M. Makhsous, P. van Roy, C. Anglin, J. Nagels, R.K. Karduna, K. McQuade, X. Wang, F.W. Werner, B. Buchholz. J. Biomech. 38(5):981-992, 2005
  
• Proposal by Frans C.T. van der Helm
• Comments by Carolyn Anglin

Elbow joint

• ISB proposal by G. Wu, F.C.T. van der Helm, H.E.J. Veeger, M. Makhsous, P. van Roy, C. Anglin, J. Nagels, R.K. Karduna, K. McQuade, X. Wang, F.W. Werner, B. Buchholz. J. Biomech. 38(5):981-992, 2005
• Proposal by the 'elbow committee' (March 1996)

Wrist joint and hand

• ISB proposal by G. Wu, F.C.T. van der Helm, H.E.J. Veeger, M. Makhsous, P. van Roy, C. Anglin, J. Nagels, R.K. Karduna, K. McQuade, X. Wang, F.W. Werner, B. Buchholz. J. Biomech. 38(5):981-992, 2005
• Proposal by F. Werner and B. Buchholz (March 1, 1994)

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

• Proposal by David Dean (June 2, 1994)